Climate vulnerability · experimental scores

Climate vulnerability in England: South East

Who may be vulnerable to flooding, heat, drought, severe weather and other hazards, how able they are to respond, the places that look after them and the hazards themselves, from each council down to each of its small areas (2021 LSOAs; 5,571 here, 33,755 in England). England is shown a region at a time.

Show Scenario

9,278,063residents (Census 2021)

185small areas in England's most deprived 10% (IoD 2025)

87,608homes at high or medium flood risk from rivers or the sea

1,095storm overflows; 18,757 spills in 2025

11,367flood warnings and alerts since 2006

96,200care home beds (2,830 homes)

795GP practices

How the climate risk, exposure, vulnerability and adaptive capacity scores are worked out

Our own experimental scores, not official measures, the same as the Wales dashboard's: hazards and exposure (what is here), vulnerability (who lives here) and adaptive capacity (how able they are to respond). Each compares South East's 5,571 small areas with each other (England is built a region at a time), so 80 means more than about 80% of the region's small areas, and a figure in one region is not comparable with the same figure in another.

Each measure becomes a percentile within the region: 0 for the lowest small area, 100 for the highest. Every Indices of Deprivation measure used is a score (higher is more deprived). For a hazard, an area with none scores 0 and the areas with some are ranked from just above 0 to 100.
Each score is the weighted average of its measures' percentiles. A measure not held for an area is left out, never counted as zero; an area needs enough of them (shown below) to have a score.
Climate risk: exposure, vulnerability and low adaptive capacity together: the cube root of the three multiplied (their geometric mean), so an area scores high only when all three are high. A council's figure is the average of its small areas'.
Scenarios change exposure, and so climate risk: Now (2001-2020 climate, present flood risk); 2°C of global warming (around the 2050s; flood risk: the Environment Agency's 2050s map); 4°C of global warming (late century, high emissions; flood risk: the 2050s map, the latest the Agency maps). Heat is the days over 30°C for each; summer drying counts only with warming. Flood: now, the Environment Agency's homes at high or medium risk from rivers or the sea today; with warming, the share of the area's postcodes inside its 2050s climate change map at high or medium risk, read from FloodRadar's copy (each postcode's centre asked once). The Agency publishes that one climate change map, for the 2050s, and none for late in the century or for 4°C, so 4°C reads the 2050s map too: the latest the Agency maps, which likely understates flooding by then. Here 2°C and 4°C read the Environment Agency's 2050s map (edition 2026-06-18, 261,177 postcodes asked, 884 not known; asked between 2026-11-06 and 2026-11-07). Today's figure is a share of homes and the 2050s one a share of postcodes, so they are not compared directly; each scenario ranks the region's small areas on its own.

Vulnerability

Who lives here: how many people may find heat, flooding or other hazards hard to cope with. At least 6 measures needed.

Measure	Weight
IoD 2025 overall deprivation (IMD score)	1
IoD 2025 health deprivation and disability (score)	1
Aged 75 and over	1
One-person households aged 66 and over	1
Bad or very bad health	1
Disabled under the Equality Act	1
Households deprived in 3 or more dimensions	1
Cannot speak English well or at all	1

Exposure

What is here: the hazards mapped in or around the small area, under the chosen scenario. An area with none of a hazard scores 0 for it; the areas with some are ranked from just above 0 to 100. At least 3 measures needed.

Measure	Weight
Flooding from rivers or the sea, with defences, at high or medium risk: now, the Environment Agency's homes at risk as a share of the area's homes (Properties and Postcodes in Areas at Risk); at 2°C and 4°C, the share of the area's postcodes inside the Agency's 2050s climate change map at high or medium risk (Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea, Climate Change, as kept by FloodRadar), the only climate change flood map it publishes	2
Storm overflow spills in the area, 2025 (water companies' returns, as kept by FloodRadar)	1
Days over 30°C a year for the area's neighbourhood: 2001-2020, or with 2°C or 4°C of warming (Met Office UKCP18)	1
Background NO2 at the area's centre (Defra's modelled 1 km grid)	0.5
Drought now: the shortfall of the last 6 months' rainfall below the 1991-2020 normal for the council, from its rain gauges or else its Met Office area (FloodRadar); 0 at or above normal	1
Met Office severe weather warnings over the council since FloodRadar began keeping them (27 September 2026), yellow 1, amber 2, red 3	1
Summer drying: the fall in summer rainfall for the area's neighbourhood with 2°C or 4°C of warming (Met Office UKCP18; not counted now)	1

Low adaptive capacity

How hard it would be to respond, cope and recover: distance to help, car access and income. Higher means less able to adapt. At least 4 measures needed.

Measure	Weight
Minutes to the nearest GP by bus or train at 7am, one way (UBDC AI23)	1
Minutes to the nearest pharmacy by bus or train at 7am	1
Minutes to the nearest supermarket by bus or train at 7am	1
Households without a car or van	1
IoD 2025 income deprivation (share of residents)	1
IoD 2025 geographical barriers to services (score: road distance to a GP, food shop, school and post office)	1

Limits: equal weights are a choice, not evidence; health, disability and deprivation move together, so that pattern counts more than once; flood shares are the Environment Agency's homes at high or medium risk from rivers or the sea, with defences, over all the homes it lists in the area (postcodes with too few properties to list alone share their group's homes); surface water is not included (the Agency's national map needs a Data Services Platform account); England has no public coal tip register, so there is no coal tip measure; road noise is not included (Defra's map is read a point at a time); overflows count what lies inside the small area, not near it; heat and summer rainfall are the Met Office's figures for the area's neighbourhood (MSOA); NO2 is the nearest 1 km cell to the area's centre; severe weather counts Met Office warnings since FloodRadar began keeping them (2026-09-27); drought now is each council's rainfall shortfall against normal (FloodRadar), by its gauges or else its Met Office area. Travel minutes are UBDC's 2023 figures on 2011 small areas: a 2021 area made by merging two has none (never averaged). The weights live in data/reference/climate-england-index.json.

Map

Shade small areas by Scenario Storm overflows River and rain gauges GP practices Care homes Hospitals Pharmacies Council boundaries

Darker is more vulnerable or more exposed on every measure (for an IoD rank, a lower rank). Measures marked by the scenario follow it. Click a small area for its figures. Overflows sized by their spills in 2025; care homes by their beds.

Scores by council i

Council	Climate risk now	at 2°C	at 4°C	Exposure (now)	Vulnerability	Low adaptive capacity
Adur	41.6	48.1	46.5	26.5	62.2	46.4
Arun	44.5	47.1	47.6	27.9	66.5	51.2
Ashford	40.9	41.8	40.1	23.0	54.7	59.6
Basingstoke and Deane	44.1	44.1	43.5	42.3	43.8	50.8
Bracknell Forest	37.0	36.4	37.4	33.9	36.8	44.8
Brighton and Hove	33.6	38.8	36.4	15.9	57.1	44.0
Buckinghamshire	43.1	42.9	43.3	42.8	39.9	50.8
Canterbury	40.0	43.9	39.5	22.1	60.5	53.6
Cherwell	40.7	40.2	40.8	32.7	44.0	52.2
Chichester	45.6	47.7	48.7	30.4	56.1	60.7
Crawley	45.5	43.7	46.8	37.6	55.5	47.9
Dartford	43.5	42.0	42.0	35.2	48.5	50.8
Dover	36.5	44.6	40.9	14.6	66.1	58.3
Eastbourne	43.5	49.4	49.5	23.5	70.1	52.0
East Hampshire	44.0	44.2	44.9	40.9	43.9	50.3
Eastleigh	42.0	42.9	43.2	39.3	44.9	45.7
Elmbridge	39.7	38.5	38.7	46.9	34.7	42.5
Epsom and Ewell	39.8	38.3	39.0	41.6	38.8	41.7
Fareham	40.1	42.1	42.3	34.5	44.6	45.1
Folkestone and Hythe	39.9	46.3	42.9	18.9	69.1	56.3
Gosport	45.4	49.4	50.2	31.8	62.0	49.4
Gravesham	43.4	43.1	44.3	29.0	60.2	49.1
Guildford	42.1	41.6	43.1	39.5	39.4	51.8
Hart	38.0	36.2	36.1	43.8	30.2	46.5
Hastings	41.1	46.6	46.9	19.6	72.2	52.0
Havant	49.5	49.1	51.8	39.0	61.6	53.2
Horsham	36.6	36.9	38.0	26.0	40.4	51.7
Isle of Wight	33.4	43.6	45.0	12.5	72.2	58.3
Lewes	46.2	46.7	47.9	30.3	62.1	57.2
Maidstone	44.6	46.2	44.7	34.8	52.6	50.8
Medway	40.0	44.0	42.8	24.6	58.3	47.8
Mid Sussex	40.3	39.1	40.4	36.4	39.6	49.3
Milton Keynes	41.6	42.2	41.1	30.9	50.5	49.3
Mole Valley	42.4	41.1	42.1	36.5	45.1	50.2
New Forest	43.6	44.9	45.9	32.2	53.6	52.6
Oxford	41.4	42.3	41.4	36.7	46.5	45.1
Portsmouth	37.4	44.0	44.7	21.7	60.0	42.7
Reading	41.3	41.5	41.1	33.5	50.0	44.6
Reigate and Banstead	38.8	38.2	39.5	33.5	40.8	46.0
Rother	46.9	49.5	48.6	28.4	66.9	59.3
Runnymede	47.0	45.7	45.5	51.7	45.9	47.3
Rushmoor	44.1	43.3	43.8	40.3	47.4	47.3
Sevenoaks	44.2	43.6	43.5	37.0	46.3	54.7
Slough	43.9	44.9	43.7	38.9	48.1	47.4
Southampton	42.4	45.2	44.9	28.2	62.5	46.0
South Oxfordshire	37.1	36.5	36.6	28.9	38.0	52.2
Spelthorne	47.2	47.0	47.0	49.1	50.1	45.4
Surrey Heath	42.3	41.5	41.3	47.2	36.5	47.6
Swale	43.9	47.4	46.2	26.4	62.6	55.2
Tandridge	46.2	44.7	46.3	42.0	45.7	54.7
Test Valley	44.8	47.1	46.4	40.8	45.4	53.4
Thanet	40.2	41.2	40.6	18.3	73.0	50.7
Tonbridge and Malling	41.6	42.7	41.7	35.6	45.4	49.8
Tunbridge Wells	37.3	37.4	38.5	23.9	47.7	50.4
Vale of White Horse	42.5	41.1	41.1	41.4	39.4	51.2
Waverley	43.0	42.3	43.3	43.9	39.2	50.2
Wealden	40.8	41.9	42.4	27.1	49.4	55.5
West Berkshire	43.0	44.3	43.3	39.3	41.7	52.9
West Oxfordshire	37.2	38.3	37.7	25.8	42.7	52.2
Winchester	41.3	42.3	43.2	34.6	42.2	53.3
Windsor and Maidenhead	40.4	40.1	39.8	42.6	36.3	46.6
Woking	42.0	41.0	40.8	40.0	42.9	46.0
Wokingham	34.8	33.8	34.2	34.9	30.6	44.8
Worthing	41.4	44.7	44.2	28.1	60.3	44.7

Each council's figure is the mean of its small areas' (percentiles within South East). How they are worked out.

People who may be vulnerable

Council	Residents	Small areas	In England's most deprived 10% / 20%	Aged 75 and over	One-person households aged 66 and over	Households without a car or van	Disabled under the Equality Act	Bad or very bad health	Provide unpaid care	Cannot speak English well or at all	Households deprived in 3 or more dimensions
Adur	64,548	42	0 / 0	11.8%	17.0%	18.5%	19.5%	5.6%	9.6%	0.5%	3.7%
Arun	164,890	99	5 / 9	14.3%	18.3%	16.9%	19.7%	5.4%	9.2%	1.4%	3.1%
Ashford	132,754	81	3 / 9	9.1%	12.4%	14.4%	17.1%	4.6%	8.9%	1.3%	3.0%
Basingstoke and Deane	185,152	115	0 / 2	7.9%	10.8%	14.5%	15.0%	3.7%	7.8%	1.0%	2.2%
Bracknell Forest	124,598	82	0 / 0	6.7%	10.4%	11.5%	13.4%	3.2%	7.5%	0.9%	2.3%
Brighton and Hove	277,095	165	13 / 28	6.4%	11.4%	37.4%	18.7%	5.1%	7.8%	1.2%	4.7%
Buckinghamshire	553,090	334	0 / 2	9.0%	12.3%	11.5%	13.5%	3.3%	8.0%	1.1%	2.0%
Canterbury	157,434	92	4 / 18	10.4%	15.2%	20.8%	19.6%	5.1%	8.9%	0.7%	3.5%
Cherwell	161,014	102	0 / 3	8.0%	11.3%	14.7%	14.5%	3.7%	7.6%	1.4%	2.5%
Chichester	124,069	75	0 / 0	13.6%	17.5%	14.1%	16.9%	4.3%	8.8%	0.6%	2.3%
Crawley	118,496	67	1 / 1	5.8%	10.1%	20.6%	14.9%	4.3%	8.1%	2.6%	4.0%
Dartford	116,755	67	1 / 7	6.4%	9.7%	16.9%	14.0%	3.8%	8.0%	1.3%	3.0%
Dover	116,394	69	8 / 15	11.0%	15.7%	20.1%	21.2%	6.2%	10.4%	0.6%	4.1%
Eastbourne	101,692	60	8 / 11	12.4%	17.8%	26.5%	21.6%	6.3%	9.7%	1.2%	4.7%
East Hampshire	125,751	74	0 / 0	11.1%	13.7%	9.7%	15.6%	3.6%	8.3%	0.4%	2.0%
Eastleigh	136,448	82	0 / 1	9.2%	12.6%	11.9%	16.0%	3.8%	8.2%	0.5%	2.1%
Elmbridge	138,756	82	0 / 0	8.8%	13.1%	11.1%	11.9%	2.9%	7.3%	0.8%	1.7%
Epsom and Ewell	80,933	46	0 / 1	8.7%	12.6%	14.3%	12.8%	3.1%	7.9%	1.3%	2.1%
Fareham	114,511	73	0 / 2	12.3%	15.1%	12.1%	16.8%	4.0%	8.8%	0.3%	1.7%
Folkestone and Hythe	109,753	67	5 / 15	11.6%	16.4%	20.5%	21.8%	6.5%	10.3%	0.8%	4.3%
Gosport	81,953	56	5 / 15	9.9%	15.2%	20.6%	20.4%	5.5%	9.3%	0.3%	3.6%
Gravesham	106,906	65	6 / 14	8.2%	12.4%	19.7%	16.4%	4.9%	9.0%	2.6%	4.2%
Guildford	143,648	84	0 / 1	8.4%	12.1%	13.8%	13.6%	3.2%	7.6%	0.8%	2.1%
Hart	99,404	59	0 / 0	9.7%	12.4%	7.8%	12.9%	2.8%	7.3%	0.4%	1.4%
Hastings	90,990	53	18 / 26	8.9%	14.9%	29.2%	22.6%	7.3%	10.1%	0.9%	5.6%
Havant	124,202	79	9 / 20	11.9%	16.3%	18.0%	19.9%	5.6%	9.5%	0.3%	4.1%
Horsham	146,782	89	0 / 0	11.1%	14.3%	11.2%	14.9%	3.5%	8.3%	0.4%	1.8%
Isle of Wight	140,460	89	3 / 18	13.8%	18.0%	20.8%	23.3%	6.7%	10.5%	0.3%	4.1%
Lewes	99,911	62	0 / 2	13.1%	17.9%	18.8%	20.4%	5.5%	10.3%	0.3%	3.4%
Maidstone	175,779	99	3 / 11	8.9%	11.9%	14.6%	15.9%	4.3%	8.6%	1.3%	2.9%
Medway	279,787	169	15 / 37	7.2%	11.8%	19.2%	17.4%	5.1%	8.6%	1.1%	4.2%
Mid Sussex	152,564	92	0 / 0	10.1%	13.6%	12.4%	14.5%	3.5%	8.0%	0.5%	1.8%
Milton Keynes	287,042	166	8 / 19	5.6%	9.7%	17.1%	14.8%	4.1%	7.7%	1.7%	3.5%
Mole Valley	87,382	54	0 / 0	11.9%	15.7%	11.5%	15.1%	3.7%	8.7%	0.5%	2.4%
New Forest	175,783	114	2 / 3	14.8%	17.3%	11.6%	18.5%	4.8%	9.6%	0.2%	2.3%
Oxford	162,056	84	2 / 6	5.5%	10.8%	32.1%	14.5%	3.3%	6.6%	2.3%	3.5%
Portsmouth	208,000	125	15 / 30	6.9%	12.4%	30.3%	17.6%	5.0%	7.8%	1.5%	4.4%
Reading	174,216	100	0 / 11	5.6%	9.2%	28.4%	13.8%	3.7%	6.7%	3.0%	3.8%
Reigate and Banstead	150,844	90	0 / 1	8.5%	12.3%	13.5%	14.0%	3.4%	7.9%	0.7%	2.2%
Rother	93,110	58	3 / 8	16.1%	19.9%	16.0%	21.6%	6.0%	10.5%	0.3%	3.0%
Runnymede	88,079	52	0 / 1	8.6%	12.8%	13.9%	14.6%	3.6%	7.9%	0.9%	2.4%
Rushmoor	99,756	60	0 / 3	6.9%	10.1%	16.3%	14.3%	3.7%	7.3%	3.7%	3.3%
Sevenoaks	120,513	75	1 / 3	10.4%	14.4%	11.4%	15.0%	4.0%	8.8%	0.4%	2.6%
Slough	158,492	84	0 / 8	4.0%	7.4%	20.3%	11.3%	3.7%	6.9%	5.2%	4.7%
Southampton	248,921	152	18 / 37	6.3%	11.2%	27.4%	17.6%	5.0%	7.7%	2.6%	4.9%
South Oxfordshire	149,090	93	0 / 0	10.1%	13.1%	10.8%	14.0%	3.3%	8.0%	0.6%	1.6%
Spelthorne	102,960	61	0 / 1	9.0%	12.8%	14.7%	14.2%	3.8%	8.5%	1.3%	3.0%
Surrey Heath	90,455	55	0 / 0	9.7%	12.2%	9.9%	13.6%	3.2%	7.7%	1.0%	1.8%
Swale	151,676	90	13 / 24	8.5%	13.0%	16.6%	19.5%	5.7%	9.8%	0.7%	4.7%
Tandridge	87,871	51	0 / 0	10.2%	14.1%	11.3%	14.9%	3.8%	8.5%	0.3%	2.3%
Test Valley	130,494	81	0 / 2	10.1%	13.1%	11.9%	15.6%	3.9%	8.3%	0.6%	2.1%
Thanet	140,603	86	16 / 30	11.0%	16.4%	26.1%	22.9%	7.2%	10.4%	1.1%	5.1%
Tonbridge and Malling	132,202	78	0 / 2	9.2%	12.7%	12.3%	15.3%	4.0%	8.7%	0.4%	2.6%
Tunbridge Wells	115,307	69	0 / 2	9.6%	13.3%	15.5%	15.0%	3.8%	7.9%	0.6%	2.7%
Vale of White Horse	138,912	81	0 / 1	9.5%	12.2%	12.2%	14.7%	3.2%	8.1%	0.6%	1.7%
Waverley	128,221	82	0 / 0	11.2%	14.5%	11.2%	14.3%	3.2%	7.9%	0.4%	1.7%
Wealden	160,156	99	0 / 3	12.9%	16.0%	10.6%	17.3%	4.4%	9.3%	0.2%	2.0%
West Berkshire	161,431	99	0 / 1	9.0%	12.5%	12.1%	14.7%	3.4%	7.8%	0.6%	2.2%
West Oxfordshire	114,242	68	0 / 1	10.6%	13.7%	11.5%	15.1%	3.6%	8.2%	0.5%	1.8%
Winchester	127,441	72	0 / 1	10.3%	14.1%	13.5%	15.4%	3.4%	7.7%	0.4%	1.8%
Windsor and Maidenhead	153,494	89	0 / 0	9.0%	12.5%	12.7%	12.3%	3.0%	7.4%	1.0%	1.9%
Woking	103,946	62	0 / 1	7.9%	11.7%	14.7%	13.6%	3.4%	8.1%	1.8%	2.4%
Wokingham	177,502	103	0 / 0	8.3%	11.1%	9.0%	12.5%	2.6%	7.3%	0.8%	1.4%
Worthing	111,347	68	0 / 3	11.2%	15.8%	21.8%	19.1%	5.2%	9.2%	0.7%	3.6%

Census 2021 (ONS; age 75 and over, people aged 66 and over living alone, no car, bad health and English from the census tables we keep, disability, unpaid care and deprivation from Nomis; small areas added up; the denominators are each table's own: residents, households, residents aged 5+ for carers, aged 3+ for English). English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (MHCLG, File 7): 33,755 small areas, the most deprived 10% in decile 1.

Health, care and access

Council	GP practices (patients)	Care homes (beds; with nursing)	Pharmacies	Hospitals with an A&E	Fuel poverty	Extra deaths in winter (2014/15 to 2018/19)
Adur	4 (65,373)	17 (592; 7)	10	0	8.1% (2024)	29.5%
Arun	14 (160,345)	100 (2,964; 28)	30	0	7.8% (2024)	23.1%
Ashford	9 (143,657)	43 (1,102; 12)	13	1	8.1% (2024)	24.9%
Basingstoke and Deane	9 (188,565)	52 (1,521; 20)	23	1	7.1% (2024)	19.9%
Bracknell Forest	9 (134,192)	19 (853; 7)	14	0	5.8% (2024)	17.0%
Brighton and Hove	30 (328,484)	85 (2,113; 26)	44	1	10.9% (2024)	21.4%
Buckinghamshire	45 (572,736)	132 (4,928; 48)	56	1	7.5% (2024)	21.9%
Canterbury	10 (188,280)	66 (2,061; 15)	26	0	9.2% (2024)	23.4%
Cherwell	14 (186,902)	32 (1,556; 21)	20	1	8.1% (2024)	16.8%
Chichester	11 (118,653)	47 (1,881; 18)	14	1	9.5% (2024)	24.2%
Crawley	12 (148,051)	16 (351; 2)	18	0	7.2% (2024)	–
Dartford	9 (135,788)	21 (893; 10)	17	1	7.3% (2024)	22.4%
Dover	13 (119,468)	58 (1,305; 10)	14	0	10.2% (2024)	20.1%
Eastbourne	8 (110,367)	63 (2,054; 21)	13	1	9.4% (2024)	29.8%
East Hampshire	11 (126,280)	54 (1,783; 17)	14	0	7.4% (2024)	17.2%
Eastleigh	7 (105,673)	47 (1,624; 14)	17	0	6.0% (2024)	26.4%
Elmbridge	16 (153,771)	37 (1,933; 15)	16	0	6.9% (2024)	20.8%
Epsom and Ewell	6 (87,135)	26 (586; 6)	7	1	7.6% (2024)	25.7%
Fareham	9 (124,092)	55 (1,707; 14)	13	0	6.2% (2024)	22.1%
Folkestone and Hythe	15 (116,288)	77 (1,601; 14)	12	0	9.8% (2024)	29.8%
Gosport	5 (85,069)	25 (655; 10)	10	0	8.0% (2024)	–
Gravesham	10 (123,609)	17 (683; 4)	17	0	9.3% (2024)	20.4%
Guildford	11 (133,117)	37 (1,344; 13)	12	1	8.3% (2024)	21.2%
Hart	6 (110,552)	19 (877; 6)	13	0	6.0% (2024)	–
Hastings	8 (101,445)	60 (1,479; 14)	8	1	11.1% (2024)	18.7%
Havant	9 (131,536)	47 (1,269; 8)	24	0	7.3% (2024)	22.8%
Horsham	13 (155,322)	34 (1,420; 22)	17	0	7.5% (2024)	22.3%
Isle of Wight	12 (145,779)	62 (1,849; 13)	26	1	9.7% (2024)	20.1%
Lewes	7 (114,465)	43 (1,191; 11)	16	0	8.4% (2024)	26.2%
Maidstone	15 (185,317)	45 (1,823; 19)	12	1	8.0% (2024)	23.1%
Medway	32 (331,743)	66 (1,745; 16)	45	1	8.9% (2024)	19.7%
Mid Sussex	12 (167,454)	52 (1,829; 21)	15	1	7.1% (2024)	28.3%
Milton Keynes	23 (349,977)	48 (1,755; 18)	43	1	6.4% (2024)	21.0%
Mole Valley	9 (96,622)	35 (1,172; 19)	14	0	7.7% (2024)	19.9%
New Forest	14 (188,640)	89 (2,750; 25)	32	0	7.8% (2024)	18.5%
Oxford	17 (241,629)	16 (703; 7)	28	1	10.6% (2024)	17.6%
Portsmouth	10 (235,758)	29 (931; 9)	32	1	10.9% (2024)	23.8%
Reading	18 (251,731)	32 (1,002; 7)	27	1	10.0% (2024)	22.2%
Reigate and Banstead	10 (129,645)	75 (2,509; 28)	26	1	6.7% (2024)	25.6%
Rother	10 (93,176)	65 (2,006; 14)	12	0	9.7% (2024)	21.6%
Runnymede	7 (87,109)	16 (906; 9)	10	1	7.3% (2024)	22.8%
Rushmoor	10 (116,137)	22 (799; 8)	13	0	7.1% (2024)	18.6%
Sevenoaks	9 (107,675)	28 (1,537; 14)	17	0	8.1% (2024)	21.9%
Slough	14 (188,174)	16 (570; 6)	25	1	9.8% (2024)	16.5%
Southampton	23 (324,888)	52 (1,575; 12)	34	1	9.8% (2024)	20.6%
South Oxfordshire	14 (154,035)	40 (1,818; 23)	18	0	8.3% (2024)	13.9%
Spelthorne	10 (109,260)	17 (675; 8)	13	0	7.5% (2024)	23.5%
Surrey Heath	8 (114,266)	35 (1,846; 20)	12	1	5.8% (2024)	16.8%
Swale	13 (134,421)	44 (1,019; 5)	23	0	8.7% (2024)	21.1%
Tandridge	6 (100,728)	37 (1,143; 15)	11	0	7.5% (2024)	21.9%
Test Valley	9 (117,959)	32 (1,340; 18)	15	0	7.5% (2024)	24.4%
Thanet	13 (143,367)	53 (1,632; 9)	24	1	10.4% (2024)	22.4%
Tonbridge and Malling	11 (143,806)	18 (897; 8)	12	0	7.3% (2024)	16.9%
Tunbridge Wells	15 (131,908)	31 (1,366; 17)	8	1	9.3% (2024)	–
Vale of White Horse	8 (122,223)	31 (1,554; 19)	19	0	7.8% (2024)	22.6%
Waverley	13 (161,467)	53 (2,280; 28)	16	0	7.9% (2024)	23.0%
Wealden	16 (146,438)	63 (2,304; 22)	19	0	8.3% (2024)	17.9%
West Berkshire	13 (158,465)	44 (1,201; 10)	15	0	7.9% (2024)	17.4%
West Oxfordshire	11 (124,022)	29 (1,467; 20)	16	0	8.9% (2024)	20.7%
Winchester	10 (134,150)	38 (1,551; 14)	14	1	8.2% (2024)	24.9%
Windsor and Maidenhead	19 (177,730)	41 (1,943; 22)	25	1	7.6% (2024)	15.0%
Woking	12 (124,869)	27 (1,028; 9)	9	0	6.9% (2024)	–
Wokingham	11 (170,128)	45 (1,362; 12)	18	0	5.6% (2024)	18.5%
Worthing	8 (120,028)	75 (1,987; 23)	17	1	8.8% (2024)	27.5%

GP practices: NHS ODS (our copy), placed by their postcode, with registered patients (QOF list sizes). Care homes: CQC's care directory, 2 November 2026, as our hospitals job keeps it (registered care homes, not dormant, placed by their postcode). Pharmacies: OpenStreetMap. Hospitals with an A&E: our own table (CQC, NHS England). Fuel poverty (DESNZ, low income low energy efficiency) and extra deaths in winter (ONS winter mortality index, our own average of the five winters before the pandemic): council figures we already hold. Travel minutes to a GP, pharmacy, supermarket and hospital, by small area, are on the map.

Hazards

Council	Homes at high or medium flood risk (rivers or sea)	Postcodes at high or medium risk in the 2050s	River / rain gauges	Flood warnings / alerts since 2006	Storm overflows	Spills 2025 (hours)	Spills 2024	Days over 30°C a year: now → 2°C → 4°C	Severe weather warnings (amber or red)	Drought now
Adur	516 (1 areas not known)	11.0% (199 of 1,812 known)	0 / 0	6 / 51	1	1 (1)	81	1 → 2.2 → 11.5	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Arun	1,812	4.3% (214 of 4,964 known)	7 / 7	36 / 351	16	423 (3,542)	650	1.2 → 2.5 → 11.9	6 (0)	75% of normal (3 gauges)
Ashford	617	1.6% (62 of 3,975 known)	13 / 18	12 / 213	45	624 (3,822)	1,248	2.5 → 5 → 19.7	5 (0)	77% of normal (8 gauges)
Basingstoke and Deane	774 (1 areas not known)	1.2% (61 of 5,077 known)	8 / 6	23 / 181	12	357 (4,539)	848	3.1 → 6.3 → 24.5	7 (0)	68% of normal (4 gauges)
Bracknell Forest	990	2.2% (68 of 3,065 known)	2 / 2	0 / 48	3	29 (324)	72	4.1 → 8.2 → 26.4	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Brighton and Hove	880 (1 areas not known)	0.8% (42 of 5,079 known)	0 / 2	1 / 26	1	0 (0)	0	1.1 → 2 → 11.6	4 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Buckinghamshire	2,324	2.1% (341 of 16,136 known)	28 / 16	50 / 278	57	1,219 (14,874)	3,600	3.7 → 7.2 → 24.7	6 (0)	67% of normal (4 gauges)
Canterbury	3,598 (1 areas not known)	6.2% (283 of 4,564 known)	14 / 9	22 / 127	11	58 (270)	151	1.8 → 3.9 → 16.7	5 (0)	86% of normal (4 gauges)
Cherwell	352	0.7% (33 of 4,932 known)	11 / 4	68 / 284	25	610 (6,919)	1,908	3.5 → 6.3 → 23.2	5 (0)	75% of normal (2 gauges)
Chichester	2,748	7.8% (388 of 4,974 known)	11 / 18	99 / 391	38	1,008 (13,172)	2,040	2.4 → 5 → 18.7	6 (0)	77% of normal (6 gauges)
Crawley	816	2.5% (66 of 2,674 known)	4 / 0	7 / 122	2	38 (385)	49	3.6 → 7.3 → 23.8	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Dartford	264 (1 areas not known)	1.9% (47 of 2,462 known)	2 / 1	3 / 0	3	1 (2)	4	4.5 → 8.7 → 28.1	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Dover	1,068	5.7% (224 of 3,933 known)	8 / 9	5 / 150	9	56 (84)	36	0.7 → 1.9 → 7.8	5 (0)	91% of normal (4 gauges)
Eastbourne	487	6.5% (187 of 2,861 known)	1 / 0	2 / 2	0	– (–)	–	0.7 → 1.3 → 8.9	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
East Hampshire	161	0.6% (26 of 4,234 known)	9 / 8	11 / 91	15	138 (1,609)	492	3.3 → 6.8 → 23.9	7 (0)	68% of normal (3 gauges)
Eastleigh	467 (1 areas not known)	1.3% (45 of 3,467 known)	7 / 0	15 / 59	18	231 (1,699)	496	3 → 6.6 → 24.6	7 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Elmbridge	2,842	6.7% (255 of 3,796 known)	7 / 0	34 / 125	4	77 (978)	226	4.3 → 9.2 → 27.9	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Epsom and Ewell	234	0.6% (11 of 1,892 known)	4 / 0	0 / 0	2	6 (14)	11	4.6 → 9.1 → 27.6	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Fareham	311 (1 areas not known)	2.9% (97 of 3,314 known)	5 / 3	29 / 185	15	90 (257)	199	2.1 → 4.2 → 18.9	7 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Folkestone and Hythe	2,190	6.1% (224 of 3,675 known)	3 / 10	10 / 63	4	3 (30)	29	1.1 → 2.3 → 9.6	5 (0)	86% of normal (5 gauges)
Gosport	378	6.1% (113 of 1,840 known)	1 / 0	2 / 61	17	74 (209)	107	1.3 → 2.4 → 13.3	7 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Gravesham	138	1.0% (23 of 2,272 known)	0 / 1	3 / 0	8	92 (204)	84	3.4 → 6.7 → 24.1	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Guildford	906	4.7% (201 of 4,316 known)	6 / 5	15 / 0	9	104 (1,046)	254	4 → 7.8 → 25.8	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Hart	950	2.1% (61 of 2,973 known)	8 / 0	2 / 127	8	150 (1,859)	299	3.6 → 7.4 → 25.6	7 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Hastings	1,124	5.0% (100 of 2,013 known)	1 / 4	1 / 79	6	34 (47)	55	1 → 1.6 → 8.2	6 (0)	85% of normal (2 gauges)
Havant	1,759	6.9% (214 of 3,108 known)	6 / 2	54 / 256	7	3 (17)	9	2.8 → 5 → 19.5	7 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Horsham	378 (1 areas not known)	0.9% (37 of 4,232 known)	13 / 13	50 / 176	27	754 (7,828)	1,330	3.2 → 6.8 → 22.6	6 (0)	85% of normal (5 gauges)
Isle of Wight	1,274	3.9% (198 of 5,135 known)	18 / 20	132 / 367	62	963 (6,331)	1,777	0.7 → 1.9 → 12	3 (0)	90% of normal (7 gauges)
Lewes	1,134	2.0% (62 of 3,124 known)	10 / 10	51 / 273	24	647 (6,857)	1,309	1.6 → 2.8 → 13.9	6 (0)	75% of normal (5 gauges)
Maidstone	1,668	3.6% (197 of 5,447 known)	11 / 9	44 / 59	30	158 (959)	353	3 → 6.3 → 22.6	5 (0)	73% of normal (3 gauges)
Medway	2,061	7.8% (482 of 6,188 known)	0 / 2	9 / 180	58	366 (690)	437	3.1 → 6.2 → 22.5	3 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Mid Sussex	260 (1 areas not known)	0.3% (12 of 4,551 known)	6 / 8	36 / 84	45	807 (5,737)	1,306	3.1 → 6.5 → 21.9	6 (0)	74% of normal (3 gauges)
Milton Keynes	379 (2 areas not known)	0.4% (35 of 7,876 known)	12 / 3	70 / 4	13	203 (1,647)	640	4 → 7.8 → 25.4	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Mole Valley	458	1.7% (54 of 3,146 known)	3 / 4	54 / 175	16	289 (3,350)	488	4.1 → 8.1 → 25.6	6 (0)	77% of normal (2 gauges)
New Forest	1,625	3.9% (217 of 5,522 known)	20 / 14	116 / 526	30	455 (3,657)	1,039	2.4 → 5 → 20.4	7 (0)	83% of normal (6 gauges)
Oxford	3,192 (1 areas not known)	6.4% (237 of 3,697 known)	9 / 2	29 / 72	1	43 (591)	162	4.1 → 7.5 → 25.8	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Portsmouth	2,888	15.5% (685 of 4,427 known)	0 / 3	2 / 89	16	145 (312)	205	1.5 → 3.1 → 14.4	4 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Reading	2,154 (1 areas not known)	4.0% (150 of 3,795 known)	3 / 0	6 / 47	2	14 (169)	50	4.2 → 8 → 27.1	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Reigate and Banstead	538	2.7% (107 of 3,914 known)	6 / 2	10 / 0	9	229 (2,928)	335	3.1 → 6.3 → 22.4	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Rother	1,785	3.4% (107 of 3,172 known)	14 / 9	54 / 215	59	1,223 (7,657)	2,289	1.5 → 2.4 → 12.2	6 (0)	80% of normal (3 gauges)
Runnymede	7,762	20.9% (506 of 2,424 known)	6 / 4	25 / 95	1	27 (472)	104	4.5 → 9.5 → 28.2	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Rushmoor	85	0.5% (12 of 2,345 known)	4 / 0	0 / 0	1	9 (103)	23	4 → 8.5 → 26.9	7 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Sevenoaks	849	2.3% (81 of 3,599 known)	14 / 25	25 / 50	8	144 (913)	245	3.3 → 6.6 → 22.8	5 (0)	69% of normal (11 gauges)
Slough	1,730 (1 areas not known)	4.0% (114 of 2,883 known)	1 / 0	0 / 3	1	14 (246)	70	5 → 10.1 → 29.9	4 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Southampton	1,906	5.0% (291 of 5,814 known)	5 / 2	38 / 117	13	84 (456)	169	3.5 → 7.1 → 25.1	4 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
South Oxfordshire	1,084	2.6% (137 of 5,324 known)	18 / 7	90 / 145	22	493 (7,285)	1,597	3.9 → 7.5 → 25.9	5 (0)	80% of normal (3 gauges)
Spelthorne	3,742	17.5% (436 of 2,490 known)	11 / 1	40 / 3	0	– (–)	–	5 → 10.5 → 30.1	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Surrey Heath	401	3.8% (89 of 2,357 known)	3 / 4	0 / 37	3	24 (205)	41	4 → 7.8 → 25.7	6 (0)	61% of normal (2 gauges)
Swale	1,411	13.2% (544 of 4,115 known)	1 / 8	10 / 177	32	220 (486)	344	2.2 → 4.2 → 18	5 (0)	75% of normal (3 gauges)
Tandridge	817	1.7% (38 of 2,266 known)	2 / 10	4 / 126	9	260 (1,875)	527	3 → 5.7 → 21.4	6 (0)	70% of normal (3 gauges)
Test Valley	749	2.0% (76 of 3,842 known)	35 / 6	127 / 255	17	306 (4,827)	837	3 → 6.6 → 24.4	7 (0)	71% of normal (2 gauges)
Thanet	343	1.3% (52 of 4,050 known)	0 / 2	0 / 0	2	1 (1)	2	1 → 1.8 → 7.1	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Tonbridge and Malling	2,421 (1 areas not known)	6.2% (251 of 4,043 known)	6 / 6	5 / 197	20	256 (1,721)	473	3.3 → 6.7 → 23.3	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Tunbridge Wells	1,103	2.8% (108 of 3,879 known)	4 / 10	20 / 37	38	847 (5,664)	1,560	3 → 5.8 → 21.6	5 (0)	77% of normal (2 gauges)
Vale of White Horse	1,250 (1 areas not known)	3.2% (138 of 4,301 known)	18 / 6	50 / 180	13	363 (3,378)	1,079	4.2 → 7.2 → 25.6	5 (0)	69% of normal (3 gauges)
Waverley	867	2.4% (105 of 4,376 known)	7 / 6	26 / 269	17	292 (3,385)	489	3.8 → 7.3 → 25	6 (0)	68% of normal (3 gauges)
Wealden	389 (1 areas not known)	1.2% (70 of 6,044 known)	15 / 29	128 / 426	94	1,993 (15,595)	3,992	2.2 → 4 → 16.8	6 (0)	76% of normal (7 gauges)
West Berkshire	1,704	4.5% (244 of 5,434 known)	20 / 11	70 / 366	18	572 (10,335)	1,138	3.5 → 6.6 → 24.4	5 (0)	60% of normal (6 gauges)
West Oxfordshire	599	2.2% (91 of 4,117 known)	12 / 4	12 / 327	20	677 (9,981)	1,729	3.5 → 6.2 → 22.7	5 (0)	77% of normal (2 gauges)
Winchester	472 (1 areas not known)	2.4% (100 of 4,213 known)	27 / 13	86 / 490	18	271 (3,021)	601	3.3 → 6.7 → 24.5	7 (0)	76% of normal (6 gauges)
Windsor and Maidenhead	6,337	16.8% (761 of 4,541 known)	13 / 2	72 / 106	4	45 (418)	166	4.6 → 9.4 → 28.8	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Woking	500	1.4% (35 of 2,589 known)	4 / 0	9 / 93	3	31 (414)	139	4.5 → 9.4 → 28.2	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Wokingham	1,042	2.5% (111 of 4,477 known)	11 / 3	44 / 260	6	101 (1,009)	312	4 → 8.2 → 27.1	5 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)
Worthing	1,545 (3 areas not known)	4.5% (140 of 3,136 known)	0 / 2	0 / 17	7	5 (8)	18	1 → 2.2 → 11.5	6 (0)	75% of normal (south-east and central southern England)

Homes at flood risk: the Environment Agency's Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea, Postcodes in Areas at Risk (2026-06-12), residential properties at high or medium risk with defences, summed over the council's small areas (our copy, loaded weekly; no FloodRadar query). In the 2050s: the share of the council's postcodes whose centre lies inside the Environment Agency's Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea, Climate Change (2050s) map at high or medium risk with defences, of those whose answer is known (a postcode where the Agency publishes "Unavailable", or one FloodRadar's copy could not answer, is not known, never "no risk"; "–" when fewer than half are known or the region's shares are not yet worked out); postcodes stand in for homes. Flood risk in the 2050s: Environment Agency Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea — Climate Change (2050s), with defences, © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2025, Open Government Licence v3.0; read from FloodRadar's copy of the map. Gauges, flood warnings and overflows: FloodRadar's own copy of the Environment Agency's gauges and flood warning history (each warning area placed in its council by its point) and the water companies' storm overflow returns (a year without monitoring is left out, never 0); read 2026-11-08. Severe weather: Met Office Weather Warnings © Crown Copyright, as kept by FloodRadar. Every Met Office warning since 2026-09-27, counted in each council it named, by the council's own name, its county or its metropolitan county ("Not available": a name the Met Office has not used in a warning held). Drought now: rainfall over the last 6 months against the 1991-2020 normal, from FloodRadar's drought feed: the median of the council's rain gauges with every month complete where it has two or more, else its Met Office area; Rainfall: Met Office HadUK-Grid areal series (monthly) and its 1991–2020 averages. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Heat: Met Office UKCP18 by neighbourhood (our council figures' copy of the Climate Data Portal; medians; 2001-2020, then 2°C and 4°C of global warming above pre-industrial), the mean of the council's small areas.

Critical infrastructure

Not shown for England yet: there is no single open source of substations. National Grid Electricity Distribution (the Midlands and the South West, read for Wales with the owner's token) and UK Power Networks (London, the South East and the East, open data) each publish their own; Northern Powergrid, Electricity North West and SSEN cover the rest. Hospitals with an A&E are above and on the map.

The 20 small areas at most climate risk, now (2001-2020 climate, present flood risk) i

Small area	Council	Climate risk	Exposure	Vulnerability	Low adaptive capacity	IMD rank	Aged 75+	Bad health	No car	Minutes to a GP	Homes at flood risk	Postcodes at flood risk, 2050s	Overflow spills 2025	Days over 30°C	NO2
Rother 002A E01021103	Rother	71.2	55.2	80.2	81.4	5,261	15.1%	6.3%	12.0%	34	9.8%	12.7%	66	2.0	4.9
Waverley 013C E01030872	Waverley	70.9	64.3	76.0	72.9	17,807	14.2%	5.3%	18.6%	23	13.0%	12.2%	0	4.0	6.4
Havant 016B E01022942	Havant	69.9	48.0	91.3	77.9	3,742	22.5%	10.2%	27.2%	27	6.0%	12.2%	0	1.0	6.4
Rushmoor 012B E01023108	Rushmoor	69.9	55.0	86.0	72.1	6,042	11.0%	10.0%	28.4%	16	2.2%	0.0%	0	4.0	8.9
Rushmoor 012A E01023107	Rushmoor	69.3	59.9	84.9	65.4	7,690	9.5%	6.9%	27.1%	16	4.9%	4.3%	0	4.0	8.9
Buckinghamshire 064E E01017835	Buckinghamshire	69.1	68.8	63.9	75.0	14,580	12.2%	4.9%	13.0%	34	5.4%	8.1%	0	5.0	12.1
Maidstone 014C E01024377	Maidstone	69.1	68.7	63.2	76.0	11,168	11.4%	5.7%	10.0%	31	43.7%	43.5%	42	3.0	7.4
Runnymede 004B E01030658	Runnymede	69.0	70.6	73.9	63.0	18,624	17.6%	8.3%	15.5%	31	77.3%	83.3%	0	5.0	13.0
West Berkshire 011A E01016254	West Berkshire	68.1	62.4	66.0	76.6	16,282	13.1%	6.0%	11.5%	43	6.8%	7.1%	31	3.0	6.4
Havant 017A E01022936	Havant	68.0	52.1	82.1	73.5	10,396	17.6%	8.4%	14.9%	31	16.3%	34.9%	0	1.0	5.7
Swale 006A E01024580	Swale	68.0	48.0	86.6	75.8	896	12.5%	13.2%	18.4%	68	24.2%	21.1%	5	1.0	6.3
Spelthorne 012A E01030721	Spelthorne	67.5	68.2	64.2	70.1	15,009	12.5%	5.4%	7.7%	34	18.8%	31.6%	0	5.0	12.8
Tandridge 011C E01030818	Tandridge	67.2	65.8	61.3	75.1	16,366	11.7%	4.6%	13.0%	23	51.2%	58.3%	0	3.0	10.1
Rother 004E E01021119	Rother	67.1	45.5	86.8	76.6	1,750	11.6%	9.3%	34.7%	9	85.7%	78.9%	0	1.0	5.8
Havant 009A E01022913	Havant	65.7	61.5	71.1	65.0	3,361	7.3%	7.5%	35.6%	17	13.8%	19.0%	0	3.0	10.1
Epsom and Ewell 007A E01030385	Epsom and Ewell	65.1	61.8	82.5	54.0	8,853	9.1%	6.7%	29.8%	19	5.5%	7.0%	0	5.0	11.6
Runnymede 004A E01030656	Runnymede	65.1	70.8	66.7	58.3	14,659	8.1%	5.9%	11.8%	29	60.9%	45.0%	0	5.0	15.6
Guildford 010C E01030432	Guildford	64.6	58.6	67.4	68.4	12,111	7.8%	5.6%	14.4%	32	9.7%	14.0%	0	4.0	7.9
Spelthorne 012D E01030724	Spelthorne	64.3	69.2	68.6	55.9	13,464	7.3%	5.7%	14.4%	9	23.5%	50.0%	0	5.0	14.1
Windsor and Maidenhead 011D E01016577	Windsor and Maidenhead	64.2	64.4	53.1	77.2	14,360	8.7%	3.6%	10.2%	46	37.3%	34.0%	0	5.0	13.0

MHCLG English Indices of Deprivation 2025 (File 7); ONS Census 2021 (Nomis); ONS boundaries (Open Geography Portal); Environment Agency Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea, Properties and Postcodes in Areas at Risk (OGL v3, © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2025; contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right); FloodRadar's copy of the Environment Agency's gauges, flood warning history and the water companies' storm overflow returns; Met Office UKCP18 local projections (Climate Data Portal); Defra background NO2 (PCM); UBDC Accessibility Indicators 2023 (OGL); NHS ODS GP practices and patients; CQC care directory; OpenStreetMap pharmacies (ODbL). Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right. Flood risk in the 2050s: Environment Agency Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea — Climate Change (2050s), with defences, © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2025, Open Government Licence v3.0; read from FloodRadar's copy of the map. Met Office Weather Warnings © Crown Copyright, as kept by FloodRadar. Built 2026-11-08T00:12 UTC in 8.7 s; each source kept as long as it lasts (a year for the census and boundaries, a month for the flood shares and care homes, a day for the region's dashboard, rebuilt each night). The Wales dashboard: /climate/wales.